Terrifying Brilliance of Islam: Amplification of Key Concepts

CitizenWarrior  asked me to create supplemental documentation for  The Terrifying Brilliance of Islam.  I was not able to add anything to a few of the 28 major concepts in Citizen Warrior's post. Those I could amplify are listed here, in serial order.  Each concept has a named anchor so that Citizen Warrior can link to them individually.   There is some overlap, so I thought it best to allow the user to have access to the entire document through any incoming link.  [Edited 04-01-15 to repair broken links.]

    [Edited 04-01-17 to add alternative links and supplemental information.]

    My usual practice is to link Qur'an quotes to a table of ten parallel translations at http://www.quranbrowser.com/ .  In this case I linked to the King Fahd Complex for easier scrolling through the context.[That site is no longer available] With one exception, ahadith are linked to the Muslim Student Association at USC. [Frequent web site changes make their links fail, so I switched to Quran Explorer.]  Links to Shari'ah go to a 30mb. pdf file which may take a moment to load but will open to a specified page in each case.  {Reliance Of The Traveller is pulled down faster than I can fix links. Buy it from Amazon and see the alternatives from the archive.}
    [External site changes have  broken links to the King Fahd Comples, Qur'an Explorer and the USC-MSA database.  I will substitute  YAQB or  Islam Awakened for links to the King Fahd Complex and may provide alternate links to the Hilali/Khan translation and several tafsirs. Links to the USC-MSA and Quran Explorer  hadith data base are broken. Where possible, I will substitute links to Muslim Access. Alternative links to the texts will be provided at the end of the file.  

    You can search for Qur'an verses through  the alternative links  and  for ahadith at http://www.sunnah.com/  note: Sunnah uses the USC-MSA database as its source for Sahih Bukhari, which is Bowdlerized. Some ahadith in Sunan Abu Dawud & Sunan Ibn Majah do not exactly match the wording in the texts. ] *


    Emphasis has been added to many quotes to enhance clarity. Bold blue underlined text is hyper linked to source documents. Links will open in a new tab or window.  [Alternate Links will open to a new section containing lists of links to external sites or pdf files containing scanned texts.]*

1. A standardized version of the idea-collection is written down
    At the time of Muhammad's death, several fragmentary copies of the Qur'an existed. They were not standardized and had some differences.  It is claimed that there were seven variant readings. 7^th century Classical Arabic had neither vowels nor diacritical marks. You needed to know it to read it. [http://answering-islam.org/Gilchrist/Jam/index.html] [Search sunnah.com for "was revealed" to obtain clues about the 'divine' origin of the Qur'an!]*

    To make matters worse, two hadith raise issues of  inconsistency. According to Muhammad, Gabriel recited the  Qur'an in different ways. 

Sahih Bukhari  Volume 4, Book 54, Number 442:

Narrated Ibn Abbas:
Allah's Apostle said, "Gabriel read the Qur'an to me in one way (i.e. dialect) and I continued asking him to read it in different ways till he read it in seven different ways." [Emphasis added.]

but Gabriel was not the only one who taught variations.  Muhammad taught  the same surah to two  believers two different ways. 

Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 93, Number 640:

Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab:
I heard Hisham bin Hakim reciting Surat-al-Furqan during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle, I listened to his recitation and noticed that he was reciting in a way that Allah's Apostle had not taught me. I was about to jump over him while He was still in prayer, but I waited patiently and when he finished his prayer, I put my sheet round his neck (and pulled him) and said, "Who has taught you this Sura which I have heard you reciting?" Hisham said, "Allah's Apostle taught it to me." I said, "You are telling a lie, for he taught it to me in a way different from the way you have recited it!" Then I started leading (dragged) him to Allah's Apostle and said (to the Prophet), " I have heard this man reciting Surat-al-Furqan in a way that you have not taught me." The Prophet said: "(O 'Umar) release him! Recite, O Hisham." Hisham recited in the way I heard him reciting. Allah's Apostle said, "It was revealed like this." Then Allah's Apostle said, "Recite, O 'Umar!" I recited in the way he had taught me, whereupon he said, "It was revealed like this," and added, "The Quran has been revealed to be recited in seven different ways, so recite of it whichever is easy for you ." (See Hadith No. 514, Vol. 6) [Emphasis added.]

    For a hint about how the Qur'an was written, see: Sahih Bukhari 4.52.84. To learn about the codification of the Qur'an, see Sahih Bukhari 6.60.201 and  John Gilchrist's  Codification of the Qur'an Text. 

    The Qur'an was supposed to be dictated by Allah to Gabriel  and by Gabriel to Muhammad.  Muslims therefore believe it to be the word of Allah written by a pen commanded to write before the creation of the world.    See Ibn Kathir's Tafsir:  Which was revealed in Makkah  and Allah created the Heavens and the Earth in Six Days. 

    The Qur'an describes itself:  a Book (that makes things) clear, full of wisdom,   a Revelation sent down by the All­Migty and, perfected.  It records Allah's commandments inclear verses, and it can not be changed. 

    Two of the major translations are available on line with the translator's footnotes:  Abdullah Yusuf Ali's Meaning of the Noble Qur'an and  Hilali & Khan's Noble Qur'an.   The latter includes bracketed and parenthetical expressions borrowed from three tafsirs.  Tafsirs explain the meaning of verses, by comparing them with parallel verses and related hadith.   is the most widely accepted and often the most loquacious.

2. The Quran includes instructions for its own spread.  

    Surah Al-Anfal 39 commands Muslims to fight pagans until only Allah is worshiped in the whole world.  Surah At-Taubah 29 commands them to wage war against Jews & Christians until they are subjugated and submit to extortion.  Those commands are mandatory, not optional.  Islamic law requires a minimum of one or two military expeditions against disbelievers in every year.  You can find that requirement stated in Reliance of the Traveller, Book o9.1.  After detailing the communal obligation, it states the requirement somewhat obliquely. 

If none of those concerned perform jihad, and it does not happen at all, then everyone who is aware that it is obligatory is guilty of sin, if there was a possibility of having performed it. In the time of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) jihad was a communal obligation after his emigration (hijra) to Medina. As for subsequent times, there are two possible states in respect to non-Muslims.

The first is when they are in their own countries, in which case jihad (def: o9.8) is a communal obligation, and this is what our author is speaking of when he says, "Jihad is a communal obligation," meaning upon the Muslims each year. [Emphasis added.]

A ruling by  the jurist behind that school of Islamic law makes it abundantly clear, leaving nothing to the imagination.  {For a full discussion of the individual and communal jihad obligations, see page 18 of The Book Of Jihad"}

"The least that the imam must do is that he allow no year to pass without having organised a military expedition by himself, or by his raiding parties, according to the Muslims' interest, so that the jihad will only be stopped in a year for a (reasonable) excuse." [Emphasis added.]

    Muslims and their apologists will deny that Islam was spread by the sword.  But any Islamic history will tell you otherwise. Hilali & Khan, in their footnote to 2:190, make the fact abundantly clear. 

..."By Jihâd Islâm is established, Allâh’s Word is made superior, (His Word being Lâ ilaha illallâh which means none has the right to be worshipped but Allâh), and His Religion (Islâm) is propagated."... [Emphasis added.]

    Muhammad dictated extortion letters to his scribes and sent them to various regional kings & emperors.  When the letters were rejected, he sent his army.  One of those letters, to the rulers of Aqaba, is relatively explicit, others leave more to the imagination.

In the name of ALLAH the compassionate, the Merciful 

From Muhammad, Prophet of Allah

To the People of Aqaba

May peace be on you. I praise Allah who is one and except whom there is nobody else to be worshipped.

I do not intend to wage war against you till you receive my written reason for it. It is better for you, either to accept Islam or agree to pay Jiziya and consent to remain obedient to Allah, His prophet and his messengers. My messengers deserve honour. Treat them with respect. Whatever pleases my messengers, will also please me.

These people have been informed of the orders about Jiziya. If you desire that there should be peace and security in the world, obey Allah and His Prophet. Thereafter none in Arabia and Ajam (Iran) shall dare cast an evil eye on you. But the rights of Allah and His Prophet can at no time be waived.

If you do not accept these terms and set them aside, I do not need your presents and gifts. In that case, I shall have to wage war (to establish peace and security). Its result would be that the big ones shall be killed in war and the commoners shall be taken prisoners.

I assure you that I am a true Prophet of Allah. I believe in Allah, and His Books, and His Prophets and am of the faith that Maseeh (Messiah) son of Mariam (Mary), is a Prophet of Allah and His word.

Hurmala (Raziallah AnhoA.) who brought to me 3 wasaq (about 6 quintals) of barley, recommended your case. Had it not been in compliance of the command of Allah and the good opinion of Hurmala for you, it would not have been necessary for me to correspond with you and instead of it, there would have been a war. If you will obey my messengers, you shall immediately have my support and the help and support of everyone who is attached to me.

My messengers are Shuraih-beel, Obaiy, Hurmala and Hurais (Raziallah AnhoA.) and whatever decision they take in respect of you, shall be acceptable to me.

Your people are under the protection and responsibility of Allah and His Prophet.

Supply provisions to the Jews of Maqna, for their journey to their country.

If you accept obedience, may peace be on you.'

Seal: Allah's Prophet Muhammad .  [Emphasis added.]

http://alquraan.net/letters/letters_3.html#LETTER%20TO%20THE%20CHIEFS%20OF%20AQABA
That source no longer exists. Ibn Sa'd  uses a different name but the content and meaning are unchanged.
http://www.soebratie.nl/religie/hadith/IbnSad.html#01.2.73.3

3. The idea-collection includes instructions for its own preservation, protection, and replication fidelity. Muhammad uses  disbelievers as a negative exemplar. 

3:78. And verily, among them is a party who distort the Book with their tongues (as they read), so that you may think it is from the Book, but it is not from the Book, and they say: "This is from Allâh," but it is not from Allâh; and they speak a lie against Allâh while they know it.[Emphasis added.]

    Those seeking an Islamic reformation want the violent ayat removed or "reinterpreted".  Unfortunately, it ain't possible.  Allah's word is perfected, and perfection can only be defiled, never improved.  Allah explicitly forbids changing his word. 

6:115. And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice. None can change His Words. And He is the All­Hearer, the All­Knowe
10:64. For them are glad tidings, in the life of the present world (i.e. righteous dream seen by the person himself or shown to others), and in the Hereafter. No change can there be in the Words of Allâh, this is indeed the supreme success. 
30:30. So set you (O Muhammad ) your face towards the religion of pure Islâmic Monotheism Hanifa (worship none but Allâh Alone) Allâh's Fitrah (i.e. Allâh's Islâmic Monotheism), with which He has created mankind. No change let there be in Khalq­illâh (i.e. the Religion of Allâh Islâmic Monotheism), that is the straight religion, but most of men know not. [Tafsir At­Tabarî, Vol 21, Page 41]  .[Emphasis added.]

4. Islam commands its followers to create a government that supports it.  Muhammad assumed temporal power. He settled disputes, judged sinners & criminals and issued sentences.  He also arranged marriages.  He also established his rule as a precedent: Allah and his Messenger make the decisions, which are final.  

33:36. It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allâh and His Messenger have decreed a matter that they should have any option in their decision. And whoever disobeys Allâh and His Messenger, he has indeed strayed in a plain error. 

    Shari'ah is derived from the Qur'an & hadith  and the consensus of the Ulema. Its highest expression is found in a codification of the Shafi'ite school: Reliance of the Traveller, a 1251 page book.  In it, you will find the rules for prayer, how to wipe your butt,  rules for marriage & divorce, issues of apostasy and rules of war.  It also contains rules for commercial transactions and the assessment & payment of zakat.

    Allah's word must be made superior[9:33]  Man made law is deemed to be sinful and tyrannical, it must be replaced with Shari'ah and Allah must have a monopoly.  Ibn TayMiyyah said: 

"Since lawful warfare is essentially Jihaad and since its aim is that the religion is entirely for Allaah U [2:189, 8:39] and the word of Allaah U is uppermost [9:40], therefore, according to all Muslims, those who stand in the way of this aim must be fought." [Emphasis added.]

. 
    Ibn Khaldun said something similar.  Note the first two sentences, which establish the reason for the union of temporal and spiritual power.  I  emphasized one clause in the penultimate sentence because it is extremely important: Muslims areobligated to gain power over other nations! 

"In the Muslim community, the holy war is a religious duty, because of the universalism of the (Muslim) mission and (the obligation to) convert everybody to Islam either by persuasion or by force. Therefore, caliphate and royal authority are united in (Islam), so that the person in charge can devote the available strength to both of them ⁴⁰⁸ at the same time.

The other religious groups did not have a universal mission, and the holy war was not a religious duty to them, save only for purposes of defense. It has thus come about that the person in charge of religious affairs in (other religious groups) is not concerned with power politics at all. (Among them,) royal authority comes to those who have it, by accident and in some way that has nothing to do with religion. It comes to them as the necessary result of group feeling, which by its very nature seeks to obtain royal authority, as we have mentioned before,⁴⁰⁹ and not because they are under obligation to gain power over other nations, as is the case with Islam. They are merely required to establish their religion among their own (people)."

5. Permission to spread the religion by war.  It is an obligation,  second in importance to the obligation to pray five times each day. 

8:39. And fight them until there is no more Fitnah (disbelief and polytheism: i.e. worshipping others besides Allâh) and the religion (worship) will all be for Allâh Alone [in the whole of the world ]. But if they cease (worshipping others besides Allâh), then certainly, Allâh is All-Seer of what they do. 

9:29. Fight against those who (1) believe not in Allâh, (2) nor in the Last Day, (3) nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allâh and His Messenger (4) and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth (i.e. Islâm) among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued. 

    These curseworthy commands are generally applicable, without geographic or chronological limits, and are unambiguous. They are clarly imperatives, neither allegorical nor metaphorical.   Ibn Kathir's Tafsir of 9:29 leaves no doubt. 

..."This honorable Ayah was revealed with the order to fight the People of the Book, after the pagans were defeated, the people entered Allah's religion in large numbers, and the Arabian Peninsula was secured under the Muslims' control. Allah commanded His Messenger to fight the People of the Scriptures, Jews and Christians, on the ninth year of Hijrah, and he prepared his army to fight the Romans and called the people to Jihad announcing his intent and destination. The Messenger sent his intent to various Arab areas around Al-Madinah to gather forces, and he collected an army of thirty thousand".... [Emphasis added.]

.     Muhammad confirmed them. 

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 8, Number 387: 
Narrated Anas bin Malik: 
Allah's Apostle said, "I have been ordered to fight the people till they say: 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah.' And if they say so, pray like our prayers, face our Qibla and slaughter as we slaughter, then their blood and property will be sacred to us and we will not interfere with them except legally and their reckoning will be with Allah." Narrated Maimun ibn Siyah that he asked Anas bin Malik, "O Abu Hamza! What makes the life and property of a person sacred?" He replied, "Whoever says, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah', faces our Qibla during the prayers, prays like us and eats our slaughtered animal, then he is a Muslim, and has got the same rights and obligations as other Muslims have." 

    They are codified in Reliance of the Traveller.  In the case of 9:29, it is explicitly named as the scriptural basis for o9.8.

o9.8: The Objectives of Jihad

The caliph (o25) makes war upon Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians (N: provided he has first invited them to enter Islam in faith and practice, and if they will not, then invited them to enter the social order of Islam by paying the non-Muslim poll tax (jizya, def: o11.4) -which is the significance of their paying it, not the money itself-while remaining in their ancestral religions) (O: and the war continues) until they become Muslim or else pay the non-Muslim poll tax (O: in accordance with the word of Allah Most High,

"Fight those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day and who forbid not what Allah and His messenger have forbidden-who do not practice the religion of truth, being of those who have been given the Book-until they pay the poll tax out of hand and are humbled" (Koran 9.29),

the time and place for which is before the final descent of Jesus (upon whom be peace).  After his final coming, nothing but Islam will be accepted from them, for taking the poll tax is only effective until Jesus' descent (upon him and our Prophet be peace), which is the divinely revealed law of Muhammad. The coming of Jesus does not entail a separate divinely revealed law, for he will rule by the law of Muhammad. As for the Prophet's saying (Allah bless him and give him peace),

"I am the last, there will be no prophet after me,"

this does not contradict the final coming of Jesus (upon whom be peace), since he will not rule according to the Evangel, but as a follower of our Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) ).

o9.9

The caliph fights all other peoples until they become Muslim (O: because they are not a people with a Book, nor honored as such, and are not permitted to settle with paying the poll tax (jizya) ) (n: though according to the Hanafi school, peoples of all other religions, even idol worshippers, are permitted to live under the protection of the Islamic state if they either become Muslim or agree to pay the poll tax, the sole exceptions to which are apostates from Islam and idol worshippers who are Arabs, neither of whom has any choice but becoming Muslim (al-Hidaya sharh Bidaya al-mubtadi' (y21), 6.48-49) ). [Emphasis and link added.]

    To read the definition of Jihad, the description of its religious obligation, the requirement that it be performed annually and other related rules, click the link to o9.8 and scroll up to o9.0. Note the clause highlighted in yellow: Dawah is a precondition for attack!  That obviates the claim that Jihad is exclusively defensive.  Hedaya and Risala confirm that requirement.

6. Lands must be conquered. The conquest imperatives found in Surah Al-Anfal 39 & At-taubah 29  are detailed above. I have not found direct proof of irridentism, but it must be based on the sovereignty of Allah,who owns the entire world by right of creation.  One ayeh,  contains a pretty clear hint. 

13:41. See they not that We gradually reduce the land (of disbelievers, by giving it to the believers, in war victories) from its outlying borders. And Allâh judges, there is none to put back His Judgement and He is Swift at reckoning. [Emphasis added.]

7. The idea-collection provides for new soldiers by allowing polygamy.

4:3. And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan­girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two or three, or four but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one or (the captives and the slaves) that your right hands possess. That is nearer to prevent you from doing injustice. [Emphasis added.]

    There is a hint of something terrible in that ayeh. Copy the phrase which I emphasized and paste it into the search window at http://www.quranbrowser.com/ .  If you think that ain't so bad, read this  related hadith.  Muhammad had nine wives, and another special privilege, Allah let him accept volunteers. 

8. It is a punishable offense to criticize Islam. 

33:57. Verily, those who annoy Allâh and His Messenger () Allâh has cursed them in this world, and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating torment.

That ayeh is not an exact hit, but see Ibn  Kathir's Tafsir.  Here is another hint for you, click the link to read the entire story. 

Sahih Muslim Book 019, Number 4436: 

It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who will kill Ka'b b. Ashraf? He has maligned Allah, the Exalted, and His Messenger. 

    Reliance of the Traveller, Book o, Chapter 8.7 lists 20 acts which entail apostasy. o8.1  specifies the penalty for apostasy. 

o8.1  When a person who has reached puberty and is sane voluntarily apostatizes from Islam, he deserves to be killed.

o8.2 In such a case, it is obligatory for the caliph (A: or his representive) to ask him to repent and return to Islam. If he does, it is accepted from him, but if he refuses, he is immediately killed.

o8.7

-4- to revile Allah or His messenger (Allah bless him and give him peace);

-5- to deny the existence of Allah, His beginingless eternality, His endless eternality, or to deny any of His attributes which the consensus of Muslims ascribes to Him (dis: v1);

-6- to be sarcastic about Allah's name, His command, His interdiction, His promise, or His threat;

-7- to deny any verse of the Koran or anything which by scholarly consensus (def: b7) belongs to it, or to add a verse that does belong to it;

9. You can't leave Islam once you're in.  Refer to the  item immediately above. apostates must be executed. 

4:88. Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites? Allâh has cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they have earned. Do you want to guide him whom Allâh has made to go astray? And he whom Allâh has made to go astray, you will never find for him any way (of guidance). 

4:89. They wish that you reject Faith, as they have rejected (Faith), and thus that you all become equal (like one another). So take not Auliyâ' (protectors or friends) from them, till they emigrate in the Way of Allâh (to Muhammad ). But if they turn back (from Islâm), take (hold) of them and kill them wherever you find them, and take neither Auliyâ' (protectors or friends) nor helpers from them.  [Emphasis added.]

Sahih Bukhari Volume 9, Book 84, Number 57:

Narrated 'Ikrima: Some Zanadiqa (atheists) were brought to 'Ali and he burnt them. The news of this event, reached Ibn 'Abbas who said, "If I had been in his place, I would not have burnt them, as Allah's Apostle forbade it, saying, 'Do not punish anybody with Allah's punishment (fire).' I would have killed them according to the statement of Allah's Apostle, 'Whoever changed his Islamic religion, then kill him.'" [Emphasis added.] 

10. Islam must be your first allegiance.  Allah is sovereign, he owns the world and everything on it, especially his slaves. 

9:111. Verily, Allâh has purchased of the believers their lives and their properties; for the price that theirs shall be the Paradise. They fight in Allâh's Cause, so they kill (others) and are killed. It is a promise in truth which is binding on Him in the Taurât (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel) and the Qur'ân. And who is truer to his covenant than Allâh? Then rejoice in the bargain which you have concluded. That is the supreme success .

A Muslim is a Muslim, first, last and always. 

11. Dying while fighting for Islam is the ONLY way to guarantee a man's entrance into Paradise.  Allah has a balance in which he will weigh your sins against your good deeds. 

101:6. Then as for him whose balance (of good deeds) will be heavy,

101:7. He will live a pleasant life (in Paradise)*. 

101:8. But as for him whose balance (of good deeds) will be light, 

101:9. He will have his home in Hawiyah (pit, i.e. Hell)*. 

101:10. And what will make you know what it is? 

101:11. (It is) a hot blazing Fire!
*For the details of Paradise & Perdition, see Surah 78.

    Muslims need a Get Out of Hell card, and Allah, in his great mercy, has provided it. 

61:10. O You who believe! Shall I guide you to a commerce that will save you from a painful torment. 

61:11.  That you believe in Allâh and His Messenger (Muhammad ), and that you strive hard and fight in the Cause of Allâh with your wealth and your lives, that will be better for you, if you but know! 

61:12. (If you do so) He will forgive you your sins, and admit you into Gardens under which rivers flow, and pleasant dwelling in Gardens of 'Adn ­ Eternity ['Adn (Edn) Paradise], that is indeed the great success. 

61:13. And also (He will give you) another (blessing) which you love, help from Allâh (against your enemies) and a near victory. And give glad tidings (O Muhammad ) to the believers.

    There  is a hadith which I am unable to locate, but whch is quoted in Ibn Kathir's Tafsir.  Jews & Christians need to be aware of this. 

(When the Day of Resurrection comes, Allah will appoint for every Muslim a Jew or Christian, and it will be said, "This is your ransom from the Fire.'') `Umar bin `Abd Al-`Aziz asked Abu Burdah to swear by Allah besides Whom there is no other God, three times, that his father told him that from the Prophet , and he swore that oath. [http://www.quranexplorer.com/Hadith/English/Hadith/muslim/037.6665.html]

12. You must read the Quran in Arabic.  The Qur'an is meant to be memorized and recited, not read. Its magic is in its sound and poetry which is lost in translation. Ibn Kathir, Syuti  and others used parallel verses and relevant ahadith to determine the meanings of the ayat. Moe showed us what many of them mean on the battlefield. See the tafsir links in the alternative links.

13. You must pray five times a day.  The five compulsory prayers are not clearly prescribed in the Qur'an, the fantastic story is in  Sahih Bukhari  1.8.345. And Muhammad was deadly serious about it. 

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 11, Number 617: 

Narrated Abu Huraira: 
Allah's Apostle said, "By Him in Whose Hand my soul is I was about to order for collecting fire-wood (fuel) and then order Someone to pronounce the Adhan for the prayer and then order someone to lead the prayer then I would go from behind and burn the houses of men who did not present themselves for the (compulsory congregational) prayer. By Him, in Whose Hands my soul is, if anyone of them had known that he would get a bone covered with good meat or two (small) pieces of meat present in between two ribs, he would have turned up for the 'Isha' prayer.' 

. 
15. A woman is in a thoroughly subordinate position.  She is chattel, literally   a field to be plowed and seeded by her husband. 

2:223. Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth (have sexual relations with your wives in any manner as long as it is in the vagina and not in the anus), when or how you will, and send (good deeds, or ask Allâh to bestow upon you pious offspring) before you for your ownselves. And fear Allâh, and know that you are to meet Him (in the Hereafter), and give good tidings to the believers (O Muhammad ).

    Men are superior, women inferior and must obey their husbands.

4:34. Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allâh has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient (to Allâh and to their husbands), and guard in the husband's absence what Allâh orders them to guard (e.g. their chastity, their husband's property, etc.). As to those women on whose part you see ill­conduct, admonish them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last) beat them (lightly, if it is useful), but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allâh is Ever Most High, Most Great.

    Women are deficient in intelligence and religion. 

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 6, Number 301: 

Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: 
Once Allah's Apostle went out to the Musalla (to offer the prayer) o 'Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women and said, "O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of Hell-fire were you (women)." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's Apostle ?" He replied, "You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your husbands. I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is deficient in our intelligence and religion?" He said, "Is not the evidence of two women equal to the witness of one man?" They replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her intelligence. Isn't it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?" The women replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her religion."

    Women are like domestic animals or prisoners, depending on which author you follow. The Life of Muhammad, A. Guillaume pg. 651.

    Tabari IX  pg. 113.

16. The only way a woman can get into Paradise for sure is if her husband is happy with her when she dies. 

Sahih Bukhari  Volume 4, Book 54, Number 460:

Narrated Abu Huraira: 
Allah's Apostle said, "If a husband calls his wife to his bed (i.e. to have sexual relation) and she refuses and causes him to sleep in anger, the angels will curse her till morning. 

Sahih Bukhari  Volume 1, Book 2, Number 28:

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: 
The Prophet said: "I was shown the Hell-fire and that the majority of its dwellers were women who were ungrateful." It was asked, "Do they disbelieve in Allah?" (or are they ungrateful to Allah?) He replied, "They are ungrateful to their husbands and are ungrateful for the favors and the good (charitable deeds) done to them. If you have always been good (benevolent) to one of them and then she sees something in you (not of her liking), she will say, 'I have never received any good from you." 

17. Allah gives Himself permission to edit his own work. Two ayat specifically deal with this, a necessity because Moe's preaching varied with his circumstances. In Mecca, he was outnumbered and overpowered, so he preached tolerance & forbearance.  In Medina, he developed an army and began preaching defense, retaliation and offensive jihad.  he needed some way to reconcile the contradictions. 

2:106. Whatever a Verse (revelation) do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, We bring a better one or similar to it. Know you not that Allâh is able to do all things? 

16:101. And when We change a Verse [of the Qur'ân, i.e. cancel (abrogate) its order] in place of another, and Allâh knows the best of what He sends down, they (the disbelievers) say: "You (O Muhammad ) are but a Muftari! (forger, liar)." Nay, but most of them know not.

     
 18. The Quran uses the carrot and stick to reinforce behavior  The carrot is eternal  fun in Allah's celestial carnal house. The term reward is frequently used, and gardens frequently mentioned.  They contain trees always loaded with low hanging fruit, always in season, rivers of constantly fresh water, wine, milk and honey and every kind of meat you could desire.  They also contain  perpetual virgins, who grow new hymens every day. And they never need Kleenex, Aspirin or Pepto Bismol.  And the wine is served by little boys,  "preserved", "fresh as pearls" [read "who never bleed"]. 

    Start reading here,  and then here,  next, then. Here is a sample from another Surah. 

2:25. And give glad tidings to those who believe and do righteous good deeds, that for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise). Every time they will be provided with a fruit therefrom, they will say: "This is what we were provided with before," and they will be given things in resemblance (i.e. in the same form but different in taste) and they shall have therein Azwâjun Mutahharatun (purified mates or wives), (having no menses, stools, urine, etc.) and they will abide therein forever.

    But what is the stick?  You should be able to guess.  Start here,then, next, and, followed by, and  78:21.  All of which are referred  to by the common expression "painful torment". See 9:38-39. And the only sure way to avoid the  fire  and obtain a good seat in the bordello is to achieve Shaheed status ie.  martyrdom. 


19. It provides a huge and inspiring goal.  That is the ostensible mission, in reality it is a strategy, not a mission.  The real mission is the personal emolument  Muhammad and his caliphs through the perpetuation of war from which flows booty and tribute. 

Bukhari 88 on page 108: ...It is mentioned from Ibn 'Umar from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "My provision has been placed under the shadow of my spear, and abasement and humility have been placed on the one who disobeys my command.

Sahih Bukhari Bukhari Volume 3, Book 37, Number 495:

    Narrated Abu Huraira:

    Whenever a dead man in debt was brought to Allah's Apostle he would ask, "Has he left anything to repay his debt?" If he was informed that he had left something to repay his debts, he would offer his funeral prayer, otherwise he would tell the Muslims to offer their friend's funeral prayer. When Allah made the Prophet wealthy through conquests, he said, "I am more rightful than other believers to be the guardian of the believers, so if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am responsible for the repayment of his debt, and whoever leaves wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs. "  [Emphasis added.]

Three ayat tell the core of the story. 

8:1. They ask you (O Muhammad) about the spoils of war. Say: "The spoils are for Allâh and the Messenger." So fear Allâh and adjust all matters of difference among you, and obey Allâh and His Messenger (Muhammad), if you are believers. 

8:41. And know that whatever of war-booty that you may gain, verily one-fifth (1/5th) of it is assigned to Allâh, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives [of the Messenger (Muhammad)], (and also) the orphans, Al-Masâkin (the poor) and the wayfarer, if you have believed in Allâh and in that which We sent down to Our slave (Muhammad) on the Day of criterion (between right and wrong), the Day when the two forces met (the battle of Badr) - And Allâh is Able to do all things.

8:67. It is not for a Prophet that he should have prisoners of war (and free them with ransom) until he had made a great slaughter (among his enemies) in the land. You desire the good of this world (i.e. the money of ransom for freeing the captives), but Allâh desires (for you) the Hereafter. And Allâh is All-Mighty, All-Wise. [Emphasis added.]

One hadith provides the background information. 

Sahih Muslim Book 019, Number 4327:   Alternate Link
The spoils of war were not made lawful for any people before us, This is because Allah saw our weakness and humility and made them lawful for us. [Emphasis added.]

20. Non-Muslims must pay a large tax.  Ostensibly one Dinar per year (4.235 grams of gold) it ranged as high as 50% of annual agricultural production.  The exegetes will all tell you that its purpose was symbolic of subjugation to Islamic supremacy; humiliating punishment for not being Muslim. 

Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 53, Number 385:  Alternate Link

Narrated 'Amr bin 'Auf Al-Ansari: 

(who was an ally of Bam 'Amr bin Lu'ai and one of those who had taken part in (the Ghazwa of) Badr): Allah's Apostle sent Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarreh to Bahrain to collect the Jizya.Allah's Apostle had established peace with the people of Bahrain and appointed Al-'Ala' bin Al-Hadrami as their governor. When Abu 'Ubaida came from Bahrain with the money, the Ansar heard of Abu 'Ubaida's arrival which coincided with the time of the morning prayer with the Prophet. When Allah's Apostle led them in the morning prayer and finished, the Ansar approached him, and he looked at them and smiled on seeing them and said, "I feel that you have heard that Abu. 'Ubaida has brought something?" They said, "Yes, O Allah's Apostle' He said, "Rejoice and hope for what will please you! By Allah, I am not afraid of your poverty but I am afraid that you will lead a life of luxury as past nations did, whereupon you will compete with each other for it, as they competed for it, and it will destroy you as it destroyed them." [Emphasis added.]

Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 53, Number 390:  Alternate link

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: 

Allah's Apostle once said to me, "If the revenue of Bahrain came, I would give you this much and this much." When Allah's Apostle had died, the revenue of Bahrain came, and Abu Bakr announced, " Let whoever was promised something by Allah's Apostle come to me." So, I went to Abu Bakr and said, "Allah's Apostle said to me, 'If the revenue of Bahrain came, I would give you this much and this. much." On that Abu Bakr said to me, "Scoop (money) with both your hands." I scooped money with both my hands and Abu Bakr asked me to count it. I counted it and it was five-hundred (gold pieces). The total amount he gave me was one thousand and five hundred (gold pieces.) 

Narrated Anas: Money from Bahrain was brought to the Prophet . He said, "Spread it in the Mosque." It was the biggest amount that had ever been brought to Allah's Apostle . In the meantime Al-'Abbas came to him and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Give me, for I gave the ransom of myself and Aqil." The Prophet said (to him), "Take." He scooped money with both hands and poured it in his garment and tried to lift it, but he could not and appealed to the Prophet, "Will you order someone to help me in lifting it?" The Prophet said, "No." Then Al-'Abbas said, "Then will you yourself help me carry it?" The Prophet said, "No." Then Al 'Abbas threw away some of the money, but even then he was not able to lift it, and so he gain requested the Prophet "Will you order someone to help me carry it?" The Prophet said, "No." Then Al-'Abbas said, "Then will you yourself yelp me carry it?" The Prophet said, 'No." So, Al-'Abbas threw away some more money and lifted it on his shoulder and went away. The Prophet kept on looking at him with astonishment at his greediness till he went out of our sight. Allah's Apostle did not get up from there till not a single Dirham remained from that money. 
[Emphasis added.]

21. A Muslim is forbidden to make friends with an infidel.  The Qur'an is explicitly clear about this. 

3:28. Let not the believers take the disbelievers as Auliyâ (supporters, helpers, etc.) instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allâh in any way,except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allâh warns you against Himself (His Punishment), and to Allâh is the final return. 

3:118. O you who believe! Take not as (your) Bitânah (advisors, consultants, protectors, helpers, friends, etc.) those outside your religion (pagans, Jews, Christians, and hypocrites) since they will not fail to do their best to corrupt you. They desire to harm you severely. Hatred has already appeared from their mouths, but what their breasts conceal is far worse. Indeed We have made plain to you the Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses) if you understand. 

4:89. They wish that you reject Faith, as they have rejected (Faith), and thus that you all become equal (like one another). So take not Auliyâ' (protectors or friends) from them, till they emigrate in the Way of Allâh (to Muhammad ). But if they turn back (from Islâm), take (hold) of them and kill them wherever you find them, and take neither Auliyâ' (protectors or friends) nor helpers from them.

4:144. O you who believe! Take not for Auliyâ' (protectors or helpers or friends) disbelievers instead of believers. Do you wish to offer Allâh a manifest proof against yourselves? 

5:51. O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Auliyâ' (friends, protectors, helpers, etc.), they are but Auliyâ' to one another. And if any amongst you takes them as Auliyâ', then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allâh guides not those people who are the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong­doers and unjust). 

5:57. O you who believe! Take not for Auliyâ' (protectors and helpers) those who take your religion for a mockery and fun from among those who received the Scripture (Jews and Christians) before you, nor from among the disbelievers; and fear Allâh if you indeed are true believers.

9:23. O you who believe! Take not for Auliyâ' (supporters and helpers) your fathers and your brothers if they prefer disbelief to Belief. And whoever of you does so, then he is one of the Zâlimûn (wrong-doers, etc.). 

60:1. O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies (i.e. disbelievers and polytheists, etc.) as friends, showing affection towards them, while they have disbelieved in what has come to you of the truth (i.e. Islâmic Monotheism, this Qur'ân, and Muhammad ), and have driven out the Messenger (Muhammad ) and yourselves (from your homeland) because you believe in Allâh your Lord! If you have come forth to strive in My Cause and to seek My Good Pleasure, (then take not these disbelievers and polytheists, etc., as your friends). You show friendship to them in secret, while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal. And whosoever of you (Muslims) does that, then indeed he has gone (far) astray, (away) from the Straight Path . 

60:13. O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the Wrath of Allâh (i.e. the Jews). Surely, they have been in despair to receive any good in the Hereafter, just as the disbelievers have been in despair about those (buried) in graves (that they will not be resurrected on the Day of Resurrection).  [Emphasis added.]

    
    Whomever claims friendship with Muslims is either a fool or a liar unless his 'friend' is not really a practicing Muslim.  Surah At-Taubah 23 orders Muslims to reject their parents and siblings who do not believe in Islam.  How much more will they reject Kuffar? 

22. The Quran counsels the use of deceit when dealing with infidels

    3:28 is one scriptural basis for al-taqiyya. It gives Muslims permission to fake friendship for self protection and the promotion of Islam. 

2:225. Allâh will not call you to account for that which is unintentional in your oaths, but He will call you to account for that which your hearts have earned.And Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Forbearing. 

16:106. Whoever disbelieved in Allâh after his belief,except him who is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith but such as open their breasts to disbelief, on them is wrath from Allâh, and theirs will be a great torment. 

40:28. And a believing man of Fir'aun's (Pharaoh) family,who hid his faith said: "Would you kill a man because he says: My Lord is Allâh, and he has come to you with clear signs (proofs) from your Lord? And if he is a liar, upon him will be (the sin of) his lie; but if he is telling the truth, then some of that (calamity) wherewith he threatens you will befall on you." Verily, Allâh guides not one who is a Musrif (a polytheist, or a murderer who shed blood without a right, or those who commit great sins, oppressor, transgressor), a liar!  [Emphasis added.]

    Shari'ah is not silent on the matter. 

r8.2 This is an explicit statement that lying is sometimes permissible for a given interest, scholars having established criteria defining what types of
it are lawful. The best analysis of it I have seen is by Imam Abu Hamid Ghazali, who says: "Speaking is a means to achieve objectives. If a
praiseworthy aim is attainable through both telling the truth and lying, it is unlawful to accomplish through lying because there is no need
for it. When it is possible to achieve such an aim by lying but not by telling the truth, it is permissible to lie if attaining the goal is permissible (N: i.e.when the purpose of lying is to circumvent someone who is preventing one from doing something permissible), and obligatory to lie if the goal is
obligatory [Emphasis added.]

    Backed up by hadith. 

Sahih Bukhari Volume 3, Book 49, Number 857:  Alternate Link

Narrated Um Kulthum bint Uqba: 

That she heard Allah's Apostle saying, "He who makes peace between the people by inventing good information or saying good things, is not a liar." 

    Also backed up by Ibn Kathir's Tafsir quoting hadith. 

"...(unless you indeed fear a danger from them) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly. For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them.'' Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurrection...."  [Emphasis added.]

---

Alternative Links

Shari'ah

• https://archive.org/stream/TheRisala/TheRisala-ATreatiseOnMalikiFiqh#page/n0/mode/1up
• https://archive.org/stream/hedayaorguide029357mbp#page/n100/mode/1up
• https://archive.org/stream/hedaysorguide00hamigoog#page/n152/mode/1up
• Jihad chapter of A Summary Of Islamic Jurisprudence
• Book Of Jihad  This page clarifies Reliance o9.1!

Muslim Access hadith collections;  USC-MSA content and numbering system
 Sahih Bukhari
 Sahih Muslim
 Sunan Abu-Dawud
 Malik's Muwatta

Internet Archive Hadith Single Volumes

• https://archive.org/details/SahihAlBukhariVol.317732737EnglishArabic
• https://archive.org/details/SahihMuslim-Arabic-english7Vol.Set
• https://archive.org/details/SunanAbuDawudVol.111160EnglishArabic
• 4 volume set. this single volume version is 525 pages, 
• https://archive.org/stream/HadithSunanAbuDawudInEnglish/SunanAbuDawud-english
• https://archive.org/stream/HadithSunanAbuDawudInEnglish/JaamiAtTirmidhi-english
• https://archive.org/stream/HadithSunanAbuDawudInEnglish/MalikMuatta-english
• https://archive.org/stream/HadithSunanAbuDawudInEnglish/RiyadUsSaliheen-english
• Bukhari is in 9 volumes, Muslim in 7. With these concatenated versions you can search
• all of the volumes at once. 

Qur'an Alternatives

• Mariful Qur'an 8 large volumes with copious commentary.  Details not found elsewhere. Search for the Index Volume.
• Holy Koran Hilali/Khan trans. with footnotes. 
• Islam Awakened 50 || translations for easy comparison.
• Corpus Quran  Arabic/Englis breakdown word by word with dictionary & concordance. 
• Altafsir.com
• Qur'an translations incl. Yusuf Ale & M. Asad with commentary, several others. 
• Tafsirs including tafsir al-Jalalayn &  tafsir Ibn Abbas.
• Tafsir Ibn Kathir Loquacious & authentic exegesis in nine volumes.Select your surah in the left sidebar, a list of ayat will open, take your pick.  Some topics span pages

Sira

• These are biographies of the Profit. The Sealed Nectar is as close as you can come to an authorized version.  Guillaume's translation of Hisham's rescension: The Life Of Muhammad, is the oldest and, while Bowdlerized, contains vital information. Ibn Kathir's  The Life Of The Prophet Muhammad adds tafsir and other info to Ishaq. If nothing else, read page 31 of vol. 4  which explains 9.29 with extreme clarity.  Only the first two volumes of Ibn Sa'd are readily available but they are packed full of info. including the Satanic Verses, Miraj and the largest collection of Moe's extortion letters. Ash-Shifa is lesser known but very powerful. Learn the consequences of drinking Moe's body fluids.  There is a chapter on the necessity of killing anyone who disses Moe, read it and curse Islam Hot stuff around pg. 717 if memory serves. Hayat al-Qulub, Vol. 2 is a Shi'a  sira. Did you know that Mary, Mother of Jesus is married to Moe  by Allah in Jannah? 
• The Sealed Nectar
• The Life Of Muhammad
• The Life Of The Prophet Muhammad
• Ibn Sa'd
• Ash-Shifa
• Hayat ul-Qulub

History


Tabari's Tahrik  is the king of encycloipedic histories in 38 volumes. The most interesting stuff is between volumes 6 & 13.
The Prophet Of Doom is 1000 pages packed with vital fact and opinion.  The In His Own Words Appendix of quotes including qur'an, hadith, sira & tahrik is the best part.  Winn melds five Quran translations for clarity, so don't quote those because they will not match any of the translations exactly. His other quotes are accurate and authentic. You should not go into debate without reading them.